Topic: 2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16th-18th century) – Image Gallery
Sacrifice of leopards was the prerogative of the king. Captured leopards were sacrified at the annual Igue ceremony. (16th-17th)
from: Benin City, Nigeria [Benin Brass Plaques]
Prior to taking up their abode in the hut, oblations have to be made to the presiding deities. Lakṣmaṇa hunts deer on the right, and returns to the hut to cook it; Rāma offers part of it as a sacrifice. The two brothers then eat, while Sītā waves a scarf over the food to keep the flies off, and she then retires to the hut to eat her own meal. The three begin their lives in exile in the peace of Citrakūṭa (ca 1653)
from: Ramayana, [ms Add. 15296(1), fol. 71]
British Library, London [from Udaipur]
Vizlipuztli Idolum Mexicanorum (Huitzilopochtli Mexican Deity) (1671)
from: Arnoldus Montanus, De Nieuwe en Onbekende Weereld, Amsterdam, Jacob Meurs, 1671
Chased from Chapultepec, the Aztecs, led by their chief Tenoch, offer gifts to the king of Colhuacan and settle in the city; above, a group witnessing a sacrifice ceremony (ca 1596)
from: Tira de Tepechpan [Ms Mexicain 13–14, planche 4]
Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris
Ibrahim Preparing to Sacrifice Isaac (17th)
from: Ishaq b. Ibrahim al-Nayshaburi, Qisas al-Anbiya (Tales of the Prophets), ms, fol. 43 Turkey
Harvard Art Museums/Arthur M. Sackler Museum, The Edwin Binney, 3rd Collection of Turkish Art at the Harvard Art Museums Object Number 1985.275.43
First Christian Martyrs 5 (1585)
from: Cavalieri, Giovanni Battista. Ecclesiae militantis triumphi sive Deo amabilium martyrum gloriosa pro Christi fide certamina ... in ecclesia S. Stephani Rotundi, Romae Nicolai Circiniani pictoris manu visuntur depicta [...], Romae, ex officina Bartholomaei Grassi, 1585, p. 5
The Sacrifice of Isaac (1716)
from: Germany
The National Library of Israel, Jerusalem, Israel Ms. Heb. 8° 2380 (Book of Evronot, fol. 80v)
Il dio Quetzalcoatl (1626)
from: V. Cartari - L. Pignoria, Seconda Novissima Editione Delle Imagini De Gli Dei Delli Antichi, 1626, p. 550
Ancient Tools of Torture, 2 (1591)
from: A. Gallonio, Trattato degli instrumenti di martirio e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentilicontro christiani, trattato de gli instrumenti di martirio, e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentili contro christiani, descritte et intagliate in rame, Roma, Donangeli 1591, n. 67
Iphigenia Agamemnoni immolanda, à Diana (cerva eius in locum substituta) surripitur (1606)
from: Antonio Tempesta, Metamorphoseon sive transformationum ovidianarum libri quindicem aeneis formis ab Antonio Tempesta Fiorentino incisi, et in pictorum antiquitatisque studiosorum gratiam nunc primum exquisitissimis sumptibus a Petro de Iode anteuerpiano in lucem editi, vol. 12, Anversa 1606, plate 112
Sacrifice of Iphigenia [1640 - 1642]
Galleria Spada, Rome
First Christian Martyrs 13 (1585)
from: Cavalieri, Giovanni Battista. Ecclesiae militantis triumphi sive Deo amabilium martyrum gloriosa pro Christi fide certamina ... in ecclesia S. Stephani Rotundi, Romae Nicolai Circiniani pictoris manu visuntur depicta [...], Romae, ex officina Bartholomaei Grassi, 1585, p. 27
Scene of sacrifice [1721 - 1722]
Palazzo Reale, Turin
Buddha explaining the correct sacrifices according to the Veda. The story of Kalki, the destruction of the tyrants, and the Indian representation of the Buddha and the avatara of Kalki. [1774]
from: Rites and Beliefs of the Hindus [Indian Company Paintings]
London, V&A Museum
Quartering of a Martyr (1591)
from: A. Gallonio, Trattato degli instrumenti di martirio e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentilicontro christiani, trattato de gli instrumenti di martirio, e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentili contro christiani, descritte et intagliate in rame, Roma, Donangeli 1591, n. 55
Simon on the altar (“victima”) (1475)
from: Historie von Simon zu Trient [Bayerische StaatsBibliothek, 2 Inc.s.a. 62#Beibd], fol. 9v
Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich
Ancient Nordic Sami People Sacrifice and Pagan Religious Feast (1723 - 1743)
from: Picart, Bernard; Bernard, Jean Frederic. Religious Ceremonies and Customs of All the Peoples of the World, 1723-1743
Religious practices of the native Americans of Peru. Priests sacrifice animals on a bonfire, throw rocks with serpents or snakes and animals painted on them, and eviscerate animals. (1671)
from: Arnoldus Montanus, De Nieuwe en Onbekende Weereld, Amsterdam, Jacob Meurs, 1671, p. 309
John Carter Brown Library
Amor and Psyche. Psyche's father consults the oracle, animals for sacrifice (1530)
from: Apuleius, La novella di Psiche, Rome, 1530-1560, Plate: 4
The Warburg Institute, London
Aztec Gods on a Pyramid afther a Sacrifice [1526 - 1550]
from: Codex Magliabecchiano, c. 91r
Biblioteca Nazionale di Firenze, Florence
Ancient Sacrifice (1535 - 1539)
Galerie François-Ier, château de Fontainebleau, Fontainebleau
A Symbolf of the Sacrifices to an Aztec God (demon) [1526 - 1550]
from: Codex Magliabecchiano, c. 12r
Biblioteca Nazionale di Firenze, Florence
Naauw-keurige aanteekeningen van William Methold (1707)
from: van der Aa, P. Naauw-keurige aanteekeningen van William Methold, Presiden van de Engelsse Maatschappy, gehouden op sijn Voyagie, in het jaar 1619, Leiden, 1619
http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1800_1899/hinduism/sati/sati.html
Execution of the baptized Jews in Trent (1475)
from: Historie von Simon zu Trient [Bayerische StaatsBibliothek, 2 Inc.s.a. 62#Beibd], fol. 12v
Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich
Suttee Pillar at a Benares Burning Ghat (19th century)
http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1800_1899/hinduism/sati/sati.html
Giovanni II Bentivoglio and His Family (1488)
Chiesa di San Giacomo Maggiore, Cappella Bentivolgio, Bologna
German broadsheet showing pilgrims visiting the relics of Simon, in a position known as victima. Bound with the account of Matthia Tiberino [description provided by Magda Teter] (1475)
from: Bayerische StaatsBibliothek, Rar. 338
Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich
(1663)
from: L'Enea vagante pitture dei Caracci (from the frescos in Bologna, Palazzo Fava)
Accademia dei Lincei, Fondo Corsini, Roma
A sacrifice offered by Hermocrates [1548 - 1555]
Bibliothèque municipale, Lyon
Beheading of St. John the Baptist (1608)
St. John's Malta Co-Cathedral (La Valletta, Malta)
Suovetaurilia; at right bulls, rams and boars being brought towards the altar positioned in front of the entrance of a circular temple, various animals being sacrificed to left. (1566)
from: An illustration to Onofrio Panvinio's 'De Ludis Circensibus', published in Rome
The British Museum, London
Cómo lleva en tanta paciencia y amor de Jesucristo los buenos negros y negras. (1615)
from: Guamán Poma de Ayala, F. Primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno [1616]. Manuscript conserved in the København, Det Kongelige Bibliotek [ Royal Library, Copenhagen, Denmark ], GKS 2232 4° [fol. 706].
Hanuman and the monkeys assault the demons, forcing Indrajita to break off the sacrifice that would make him invincible (1597-1605)
from: The Ramayana (Tales of Rama; The Freer Ramayana), Volume 2
National Museum of Asian Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.
Fictitious illustration of a medieval ritual murder accusation (1627)
from: Matthäus Rader, Bavaria Sancta Band III, 1627, p. 173
Miniature llama figurine, wrought in hammered gold, probably deposited as an offering to the mountain gods, accompanying a human sacrifice (1500-1532)
from: Peru
The British Museum, London
Ancient Sacrifice and Head of a Satyr (?th Century)
National Gallery of Art, Washington
Iphigenia Sacrifice (1553)
Warburg Institute, London, Bartsch Collection (XV.261.43)
The tomb of the weroans – An Algonquian burial house showing bodies on a raised platform and a priest squatting by a fire beneath the platform. (1590)
from: Thomas Hariot, Wunderbarliche, doch warhafftige Erklärung, von der Gelegenheit vnd Sitten der Wilden in Virginia, Franckfort am Mayn, Wechel-De Bry, 1590, plate 22
First Christian Martyrs 7 (1585)
from: Cavalieri, Giovanni Battista. Ecclesiae militantis triumphi sive Deo amabilium martyrum gloriosa pro Christi fide certamina ... in ecclesia S. Stephani Rotundi, Romae Nicolai Circiniani pictoris manu visuntur depicta [...], Romae, ex officina Bartholomaei Grassi, 1585, p. 9
Ammon Herm (1652)
from: Athanasius Kircher, Oedipus Aegyptiacus, V. Mascardi, Roma,1652-1654
An Aztec Noble’s Sacrifice for his Country [1585]
from: Codex Ramírez or Tovar - Relación del origen de los indios que hábitan esta Nueva España según sus Historias
John Carter Brown Library
Heilige Himmelsfeuer (1731)
from: Scheuchzer, Johann Jakob, Physica Sacra (Kupfer-Bibel), Augsburg and Ulm, Christian Ulrich Wagner, 1731-1735, vol 2, p. 382, Tafel 226 (ZB III ZZ 55)Illustriert Lev 9,24
Zürich, ZB, Graphische Sammlung, Füssli J.M. Phys. Sac. ZEI 66 / emanuscripta
Ways in which Martyrs were Drowned, 2 (1591)
from: A. Gallonio, Trattato degli instrumenti di martirio e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentilicontro christiani, trattato de gli instrumenti di martirio, e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentili contro christiani, descritte et intagliate in rame, Roma, Donangeli 1591, n. 153
Valmiki instructs Kusha and Lava in the recitation of the "Ramayana" before the occasion of a sacrifice in Rama's palace (1597-1605)
from: The Ramayana (Tales of Rama; The Freer Ramayana), Volume 2
National Museum of Asian Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.
Vishnu, Brahman and three other deities perform a yagna, a fire sacrifice (1800-1899)
London, Wellcome Collection
Sacrifice of a Pig [1547 - 1587]
RISD Museum, Providence
Suovetaurilia, the sacrifice of a pig (sus), a sheep (ovis) and a bull (taurus) (1585-1588)
Rotterdam, Museum Boijmans van Beuningen
Abraham and the Binding of Ishmael (17th Century)
Haft Tanan (Seven Tombs) Mausoleum, Shiraz
The sacrifice to Iphigenia (1553)
Dresden, Kupferstich-Kabinett
Molorchos making a Sacrifice to Hercules (1506)
Musée du Louvre, Paris
The Sacrifice of Isaac (1627)
from: Sefer Evronot Manuscript (from Frankfurt am Main)
Hebrew Union College Library, ms. 901, fol. 32v
Martyrs Stabbed and Dismembered, 2 (1591)
from: A. Gallonio, Trattato degli instrumenti di martirio e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentilicontro christiani, trattato de gli instrumenti di martirio, e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentili contro christiani, descritte et intagliate in rame, Roma, Donangeli 1591, n. 123
Ancient ritual sacrifice depicting a boar, a bull and a ram (suovetaurilia) being brought towards the altar at right, after a Roman relief from the Julio-Claudian era (1544-1577)
from: Series: Speculum Romanae Magnificentiae, published in Rome
Animal Sacrifice and Pouring out the victim's blood (1491)
from: Stephan Fridolin, Der Schatzbehalter, Nuremberg, Koberger, November 18, 1491, fol. 24r
British Museum, London
Goods for the Sacrifice during Gacitocoztli Feast [1526 - 1550]
from: Codex Magliabecchiano, c. 32r
Biblioteca Nazionale di Firenze, Florence
Sacrifice of Isaac ( Hebrew Illuminated Manuscripts)
from: Warsaw picture Bible, Cod. 1164, fol. 26 (from Venice)
The Emanuel Ringelblum Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw (JHI)
Castigo, justicia, Sancay, Inquisición. (1615)
from: Guamán Poma de Ayala, F. Primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno [1616]. Manuscript conserved in the København, Det Kongelige Bibliotek [ Royal Library, Copenhagen, Denmark ], GKS 2232 4° [fol. 302].
The inspired Christian author surrounded by heresies and idolatrous sacrifices (1668)
from: Frontispiece of: Alexander Ross/Albert Reimer [Übers.]: Der gantzen Welt Religionen oder Beschreibung aller Gottes- und Götzendienste wie auch Ketzereyen in Asia, Africa, America und Europa, Amsterdam: Joach. Nosche, 1668
Universität Heidelberg
Simon of Trent’s corpse (“victima”) (1475)
from: Historie von Simon zu Trient [Bayerische StaatsBibliothek, 2 Inc.s.a. 62#Beibd], fol. 5v
Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich
Tikkun Kriah le-Kol Leilah ve-Yom (Prayer Book) (1666)
The Center for Jewish Art
Les femmes Indiennes se brulent (1725)
from: van der Aa, P. La galerie agreable du monde. Tome premier des Indes Orientales, Leiden, c. 1725
http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1800_1899/hinduism/sati/sati.html
The beheading of the Inca Tupac Amaru [ Ejecución del Inca Túpac Amaru I, en la plaza del Cuzco, año 1572 ] (1615)
from: Guamán Poma de Ayala, F. Primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno [1616]. Manuscript conserved in the København, Det Kongelige Bibliotek [ Royal Library, Copenhagen, Denmark ], GKS 2232 4°.
The Sacrifice of Isaac (1309)
from: Brussels Pentateuch, Brussels, 1309
(Hamburg, Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek, Codex Levy 19, f. 34v
Satī. The bride immolates herself on the funeral pyre (1657)
from: Isfahan, Iran
The Israel Museum, Jerusalem
First Christian Martyrs 8 (1585)
from: Cavalieri, Giovanni Battista. Ecclesiae militantis triumphi sive Deo amabilium martyrum gloriosa pro Christi fide certamina ... in ecclesia S. Stephani Rotundi, Romae Nicolai Circiniani pictoris manu visuntur depicta [...], Romae, ex officina Bartholomaei Grassi, 1585, p. 11
Immolation of a Hindoo Widow (1814)
from: Lester. The Gallery of Nature and Art, 1814
London, Wellcome Collection
Aeneas and His Companions Sacrifice to the Gods before the Tomb of his Father, Anchises, in Sicily (1530–35)
from: Vergil, Aeneid, edited by Sebastian Brant and printed by Johann Grüninge (Limoges, France)
The Metropolitan Art Museum, New York
Ritual Feast with Human Linbs offered to a God [1526 - 1550]
from: Codex Magliabecchiano, c. 73r
Biblioteca Nazionale di Firenze, Florence
Aztec temple, sacrifices to Huītzilōpōchtli (1602)
from: Jansz, Bernhardus - Bry, Theodor de. [Collectio peregrinationum in Indiam occidentalem] : 9 : Americæ Nona & postrema Pars. Qua de Ratione Elementorum: De Novi Orbis Natura: De Huius Incolarum Superstitiosis cultibus, Frankfurt, Bekerum, 1602
Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna
Killing of the Passover Lamb, putting blood on the lintel and the door-posts (1335-1340)
from: Rylands Sephardi Haggadah, Passover Haggadah (Catalonia, Spain)
Manchester, The John Rylands Library, Hebrew MS 6, fol. 19v
Tortures and Infamy of the Martyrs, 2 (1591)
from: A. Gallonio, Trattato degli instrumenti di martirio e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentilicontro christiani, trattato de gli instrumenti di martirio, e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentili contro christiani, descritte et intagliate in rame, Roma, Donangeli 1591, n. 127
Romulus Offers a Sacrifice to Hercules [1575]
Harvard Art Museums nr 2016.248.10
The sacrifice of the horse (asvamedha) by King Yudhisthira [1598 - 1605]
from: Ramznama
Louvre, Paris
Abraham's sacrifice. This is the sacrifice of Isaac on the altar and the ram caught by its horns (ca 1278-98)
from: North French Hebrew Miscellany [ Add. MS 11639 fol. 521v]
British Library, London
Manner in which they Bury Themselves (1728)
from: Picart, B. Ceremonies et Coutumes Religieuses des Peuples Idolatres, tome II, Amsterdam, 1728
London, Wellcome Collection
A Man Burnt Alive during a Sacrifice (1572)
from: Codex Cozcatzin, c. 26r
Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris
Muy bravo y colérico padre contra los caciques principales (1615)
from: Guamán Poma de Ayala, F. Primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno [1616]. Manuscript conserved in the København, Det Kongelige Bibliotek [ Royal Library, Copenhagen, Denmark ], GKS 2232 4°, fol. 594.
An Augur Questions the Gods for Numa Pompilius (1768 - 1769)
from: Wikimedia
The Triumph of Christ´s Sacrifice (1733 - 1735)
from: Rentz, H. Das christliche Jahr, oder, Die Episteln und Evangelien [...], Prag, Labaunischen Erben, 1733 - 1735
The Collection of Prints and Drawings, British Museum, London
The Sacrifice of the Golden Mountoun [1550]
Bibliothèque municipale, Bordeaux
Coutume des Sacrifices chez les Angolais (The practice of sacrificing among the Angolans) (1729)
from: Aa, Pieter van der, Galerie agreable du monde, Leiden. Pierre vander Aa, 1729
The Library Company of Philadelphia
Sacrifice of Iphigenia (17th Century)
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
The Blood of the Redeemer (1460 - 1465)
National Gallery, London
An Irish ritual of kingship: the sacrifice of a white mare and preparation of a stew, in which the king bathes and which his supporters ea (ca 1196-1223)
British Library, London [ms Royal 13 B. VIII, fol. 28v]
Scene of a Sati, with a woman throwing herself into the flames amid a crowd playing trumpets. Above, a winged devil holds the banner with the book's title and the torch with which he lights the ritual fire. (1670)
from: Abraham Rogerius, Le Théâtre de l’idolatrie ou la porte ouverte, Amsterdam, Jean Schipper, 1670, title page
A Portugese Jewish circumcision ceremony (1714)
from: Picart, Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde
Wellcome Collection, London
Himmelfeuer (1731)
from: Scheuchzer, Johann Jakob, Physica Sacra (Kupfer-Bibel), Augsburg and Ulm, Christian Ulrich Wagner, 1731-1735, vol. 2, p. 384, Tafel 227 (ZB III ZZ 55)Illustriert Lev 10,2
Zürich, ZB, Graphische Sammlung, Füssli J.M. Phys. Sac. ZEI 67 / emanuscripta