Topic: 2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16th-18th century) – Image Gallery
Martyr Hung and Dropped on Spiky Stones (1591)
from: A. Gallonio, Trattato degli instrumenti di martirio e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentilicontro christiani, trattato de gli instrumenti di martirio, e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentili contro christiani, descritte et intagliate in rame, Roma, Donangeli 1591, n. 33
Plato speaks of the sacrifice to God; men and women praying and offering sacrifices
Koninklijke Bibliotheek, National Library of the Netherlands, The Hague
Tortures and Infamy of the Martyrs (1591)
from: A. Gallonio, Trattato degli instrumenti di martirio e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentilicontro christiani, trattato de gli instrumenti di martirio, e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentili contro christiani, descritte et intagliate in rame, Roma, Donangeli 1591, n. 15
Goods for the Sacrifice during Gacitocoztli Feast [1526 - 1550]
from: Codex Magliabecchiano, c. 32r
Biblioteca Nazionale di Firenze, Florence
Methods for Deflesh Martyrs (1591)
from: A. Gallonio, Trattato degli instrumenti di martirio e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentilicontro christiani, trattato de gli instrumenti di martirio, e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentili contro christiani, descritte et intagliate in rame, Roma, Donangeli 1591, n. 69
Quetzalcoatl
from: V. Cartari - L. Pignoria, Seconda Novissima Editione Delle Imagini De Gli Dei Delli Antichi, 1626, p. 557
The story of the prophet Zakariya (a conflation of Zacharias, the father of John the Baptist, and the Old Testament prophet Zachariah), who according to Muslim legend died a martyr's death. Escaping his pursuers by hiding in a tree that miraculously opened to admit him, Zakariya was betrayed by Iblis, the devil, who pointed out the hem of the prophet's cloak protruding from the trunk. The devil's forces sawed the tree apart and with it Zakariya, whose saintly aura is shown as flames bursting among the leaves. (1550-1560)
from: from a dispersed copy of the Falnama (Book of Omens)
Worcester Art Museum
People lighting torches from a concave mirror reflecting the sun and worshippers offering their hearts. Emblems of Achilles Bocchius. (1555)
from: Bologna
The British Museum, London
First Christian Martyrs 13 (1585)
from: Cavalieri, Giovanni Battista. Ecclesiae militantis triumphi sive Deo amabilium martyrum gloriosa pro Christi fide certamina ... in ecclesia S. Stephani Rotundi, Romae Nicolai Circiniani pictoris manu visuntur depicta [...], Romae, ex officina Bartholomaei Grassi, 1585, p. 27
Burnt offerings in the Temple of Jerusalem from within the Court of the Levites (1660)
from: plate from the 'Restoration' Bible 2 vols., published by John Ogilby, Cambridge, 1660
National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne
Discovery of the leaden books of Sacromonte (Granada) [1741]
from: Heredia Barnuevo, Diego N. Mystico ramillete historico, chronologyco, panegyrico, texido de las tres fragrantes flores del nobilissimo antiguo origen, exemplarissima vida, y meritissima fama posthuma del Ambrosio de Granada ... el Illmo. y V.Sr. Don Pedro de Castro, Vaca y Quiñones ... Arzobispo de Granada, y Sevilla, y Fundador Magnifico de la Insigne Iglesia Colegial del Sacro Monte Illipulitano, Granada, Imprenta Real, 1741.
Christians Buried Alive (1591)
from: A. Gallonio, Trattato degli instrumenti di martirio e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentilicontro christiani, trattato de gli instrumenti di martirio, e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentili contro christiani, descritte et intagliate in rame, Roma, Donangeli 1591, n. 147
Ritual Human Sacrifice [1526 - 1550]
from: Codex Magliabecchiano, c. 70r
Biblioteca Nazionale di Firenze, Florence
Purported Martyrdom of Simone of Trent - Simone as Martyr (1475)
from: Historie von Simon zu Trient [Bayerische StaatsBibliothek, 2 Inc.s.a. 62#Beibd], fol. 4v
Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich
Aeneas Offers Sacrifice to the Gods of the Lower World (1530-1540)
from: Vergil, Aeneid, edited by Sebastian Brant and printed by Johann Grüninge (Limoges, France)
Walters Art Museum, Baltimore
Saint Simon of Trent holding the flag and a shield; standing on the body of a male figure; in a border with flowers on black ground; illustration to Ubertino Pusculino, 'Duo libri Symonidos de Judaeorum perfidia', Augsburg: Johan Ottmar, 1511 (1511)
from: Ubertino Pusculino, 'Duo libri Symonidos de Judaeorum perfidia', Augsburg: Johan Ottmar, 1511
British Museum
A Portugese Jewish circumcision ceremony (1714)
from: Picart, Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde
Wellcome Collection, London
Beasts and the birds sacrificed (1491)
from: Stephan Fridolin, Der Schatzbehalter, Nur,emberg, Koberger, November 18, 1491, fol. 18r
British Museum, London
The Sacrifice of the Golden Mountoun [1550]
Bibliothèque municipale, Bordeaux
Hindoo Widow Burning Herself with the Corpse of the Husband (1820)
from: Shoberl, F. The World in Miniature: Hindoostan, London, Ackerman, 1820s
http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1800_1899/hinduism/sati/sati.html
Diana en Iphigenia (17th Century)
Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
The Sacrifice of Polyxena. Folding Fan Showing the Painting of Pietro da Cortona (1730)
from: Holland
The State Ermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg
The beheading of the Inca Tupac Amaru [ Ejecución del Inca Túpac Amaru I, en la plaza del Cuzco, año 1572 ] (1615)
from: Guamán Poma de Ayala, F. Primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno [1616]. Manuscript conserved in the København, Det Kongelige Bibliotek [ Royal Library, Copenhagen, Denmark ], GKS 2232 4°.
The sacrifice of Polyxena [1732 - 1733]
Getty Museum, Getty Villa, Malibù
Castigo, justicia, Sancay, Inquisición. (1615)
from: Guamán Poma de Ayala, F. Primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno [1616]. Manuscript conserved in the København, Det Kongelige Bibliotek [ Royal Library, Copenhagen, Denmark ], GKS 2232 4° [fol. 302].
Martyrdom of Judas Thaddeus (1493)
from: Schedel, Hartmann. Liber chronicarum, Nuremberg, 1493, c. 107v
Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Rar. 287, Münich
Sacrifice of Iphigenia (1761(?))
Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
People of Qulla Suyu ofering a llama and basket of coca leaves to the mountain-waqa Willka Nuta (1615)
from: Guamán Poma de Ayala, F. Primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno [1616]. Manuscript conserved in the København, Det Kongelige Bibliotek [ Royal Library, Copenhagen, Denmark ], GKS 2232 4°.
Aztec Rite in front an Idol (1577)
from: Historia general de las cosas de nueva España, II
Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, cod. m.p. 220, Firenze
A Man Burnt Alive during a Sacrifice (1572)
from: Codex Cozcatzin, c. 26r
Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris
Ibrâhîm [Abraham] Sacrifice of his Son Ismâ'îl (1577)
Public Library, Spencer Collection, Persian, ms. 1, New York
Saint Cecilia Martyrdom [1520 - 1525]
Warburg Institute, London, Bartsch Collection (XIV.114.107)
Abraham's Sacrifice (1600?-1650?)
from: Mîr Hwând, Rawzat al-safâ (Le lieu de repos des Purs) [Suppl. Persan 1567, fol. 50v]
BNF
Barbaric Sacrifice of the Mexicans (1770)
from: Jean-François de La Croix, Dictionnaire historique des cultes religieux établis dans le monde depuis son origine jusqu'à présent... - Paris : Vincent, 1770, vol. 3, part. 2, p. 42
Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris
Tortured Martyrs in Different Ways (1591)
from: A. Gallonio, Trattato degli instrumenti di martirio e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentilicontro christiani, trattato de gli instrumenti di martirio, e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentili contro christiani, descritte et intagliate in rame, Roma, Donangeli 1591, n. 77
The Sacrifice of Isaac (s.d.)
from: Project on engraved sources of Spanish colonial art
Iglesia de San Sebastián, Cusco, Peru
a man sacrificing a fowl to one of the best known charms among the Akan, the nkabere charm. (18th-20th)
from: Ghana (The Kyekyere Nkabere charm (lit. to tie or bind the nkabere) was a common rite carried out throughout the Asante region during the pre-colonial and early colonial era).
British Museum, London
Allegory of Triumph and Sacrifice [1520]
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
The Sacrifice of Isaac (Persia, Shiraz, Timurid period) (1410-1411)
from: Miniature from the Anthology of Sultan Iskandar (Persia, Shiraz)
Gulbenkian Museum, Lisbon
Ibrahim Preparing to Sacrifice Isaac (17th)
from: Ishaq b. Ibrahim al-Nayshaburi, Qisas al-Anbiya (Tales of the Prophets), ms, fol. 43 Turkey
Harvard Art Museums/Arthur M. Sackler Museum, The Edwin Binney, 3rd Collection of Turkish Art at the Harvard Art Museums Object Number 1985.275.43
Martyrs Smashed and Tortured with Boiling Oil (1591)
from: A. Gallonio, Trattato degli instrumenti di martirio e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentilicontro christiani, trattato de gli instrumenti di martirio, e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentili contro christiani, descritte et intagliate in rame, Roma, Donangeli 1591, n. 79
Two boys preparing to sacrifice a young buffalo, Vārānasi , India (1920)
Yale University Library
Sacrifice of an Aztec [1562]
from: Codex Telleriano - Remensis
Bibliotèque Nationale de France, Paris
Vedova indiana che si abbrucia (1816)
from: Ferrario, G. Il costumo antico e moderno, Florence, c.1816
http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1800_1899/hinduism/sati/sati.html
The divine messenger (Agnipurusha) rises from the sacrificial fire to bear vessel of celestial food by Nadim (1597- 1605)
from: The Ramayana
National Museum of Asian Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.
The Battle-Axe at Shao Dances at the Offering of Sacrifices Painting (1736-1795)
from: The Illustrated Regulations for Ceremonial Paraphernalia of the Present Dynasty (illustrated manuscript commissioned by the Qianlong Emperor) - Beijing
V&A Museum, London
Vishnu, Brahman and three other deities perform a yagna, a fire sacrifice (1800-1899)
London, Wellcome Collection
Aeneas finds a sow with 30 piglets, and sacrifices her to Jupiter and Juno [1530]
from: Vergil, Aeneid (Limoges, France)
London, Victoria and Albert Museum (inv. 1604-1855)
Martyrs Tortured with Ropes and Crushed with a Press (1591)
from: A. Gallonio, Trattato degli instrumenti di martirio e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentilicontro christiani, trattato de gli instrumenti di martirio, e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentili contro christiani, descritte et intagliate in rame, Roma, Donangeli 1591, n. 31
Woman Committing Sati (17th century)
Harvard Art Museum, Boston (https://harvardartmuseums.org/art/165399)
Handprints of women who committed sati
Wall of the Junagarh Fort (Bikaner, Rajasthan, India)
(1627)
from: Matthäus Rader, Bavaria Sancta, vol. III, 1627, p. 173
Title page of Mizbeah olah, seu de ara exteriore templi secundi exercitationes philologicae (1697)
from: Cramer, Johannes-Jacobus,
Animal Sacrifice and Pouring out the victim's blood (1491)
from: Stephan Fridolin, Der Schatzbehalter, Nuremberg, Koberger, November 18, 1491, fol. 24r
British Museum, London
Jacopo Pesaro Being Presented by Pope Alexander VI to Saint Peter [1511 - 1513]
Koninklijke Museum voor Schone Kunsten, Antwerp
Noah, his family and the animals leave the ark and offer sacrifice to God (1500)
from: Metrical Paraphrase of Genesis and Exodus [Ms Add. 40724, fol. 23]
British Library, London
Satī. The bride immolates herself on the funeral pyre (1657)
from: Isfahan, Iran
The Israel Museum, Jerusalem
Soldiers of Outina Holata skinning and scalping their enemies. Sacrifices of the enemies (1591)
from: Le Moyne de Morgues, J. Brevis narratio eorum quae in Florida Americae provincia Gallis acciderunt, secunda in illam navigatione duce Renato de Landonniere Classis praefecto, Frankfurt, Theodor de Bry, 1591, p. 14
Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris
Martyrs of Sacromonte (Granada) [1741]
from: Heredia Barnuevo, Diego N. Mystico ramillete historico, chronologyco, panegyrico, texido de las tres fragrantes flores del nobilissimo antiguo origen, exemplarissima vida, y meritissima fama posthuma del Ambrosio de Granada ... el Illmo. y V.Sr. Don Pedro de Castro, Vaca y Quiñones ... Arzobispo de Granada, y Sevilla, y Fundador Magnifico de la Insigne Iglesia Colegial del Sacro Monte Illipulitano, Granada, Imprenta Real, 1741.
In the left foreground a camel is being slaughtered. Religion in Japan. Shown are all kinds of large and small statues of gods. With legend in Dutch and French. (1682)
from: Vries, Simon de. Curieuse aenmerckingen der bysonderste Oost en West-Indische verwonderens-waerdige dingen, deel 3, p. 109. Utrecht: J. Ribbius, 1682
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Aztec Human Sacrifice (1577)
from: Historia general de las cosas de nueva España, II
Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, cod. m.p. 220, Firenze
Saint Paul Enthroned [1515]
Opera della Misericordia, Siena
The Sacrifice of Iphigenia (1755)
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Abraham's Sacrifice (1595)
from: Histoire du Coran ou Histoire des prophètes et des rois passés. Qisas al-anbiyyâ [Supplément Persan 1313, fol. 40]
Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris
Ritual Sacrifice to an Aztec God (1577)
from: Historia general de las cosas de nueva España, I
Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, cod. m.p. 220, Firenze
Different Sacrifices in front of a Dirty Pyramid of Blood [1526 - 1550]
from: Codex Magliabecchiano, c. 87r
Biblioteca Nazionale di Firenze, Florence
Berenice offers her hair to Venus [1662 - 1663]
Palazzo Reale, Turin
Martirio de San Mauricio y la Legión Tebana (1582)
Sala de Capas, Real Monasterio de San Lorenzo de El Escorial (Spain)
The Triumph of the Eucharist [1625]
Museo del Prado, Madrid
An old priest holding a sacrificial knife (1639)
from: illustration to Desmarets' 'L'Ariane' (Paris: Mathieu Guillemot, 1639)
British Museum, London
The Sacrifice of Isaac (1755)
from: Hagadah shel Pesah ‘im otiyot ve-tsiyurim na‘im
Hebrew Union College Library, ms. Ms. 447, frontispiece
Moses, an animal sacrifice on the altar and a ring of fire (1651-1725)
Herzog August Bibliothek, Wolfenbüttel
Tortured Martyrs in Different Ways, 3 (1591)
from: A. Gallonio, Trattato degli instrumenti di martirio e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentilicontro christiani, trattato de gli instrumenti di martirio, e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentili contro christiani, descritte et intagliate in rame, Roma, Donangeli 1591, n. 121
Sacrifice of pure Animals (1731)
from: Scheuchzer, Johann Jakob, Physica Sacra (Kupfer-Bibel), Augsburg and Ulm, Christian Ulrich Wagner, 1731-1735, vol. 2, nach S. 378, Tafel 223 (ZB III ZZ 55) Illustriert Lev 1,2-3
Zürich, ZB, Graphische Sammlung, Füssli J.M. Phys. Sac. ZEI 63 / emanuscripta
Martyrs Tortured with the Wheel, 2 (1591)
from: A. Gallonio, Trattato degli instrumenti di martirio e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentilicontro christiani, trattato de gli instrumenti di martirio, e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentili contro christiani, descritte et intagliate in rame, Roma, Donangeli 1591, n. 29
Veuve hindoue allant au bucher (1797)
from: Abdul-Kerym, Voyage de l'Inde a la Mekke, ca. 1797
http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1800_1899/hinduism/sati/sati.html
A sacrifice offered by Hermocrates [1548 - 1555]
Bibliothèque municipale, Lyon
Que no obedece a su padre (1615)
from: Guamán Poma de Ayala, F. Primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno [1616]. Manuscript conserved in the København, Det Kongelige Bibliotek [ Royal Library, Copenhagen, Denmark ], GKS 2232 4°, fol. 874.
Giovanni II Bentivoglio and His Family (1488)
Chiesa di San Giacomo Maggiore, Cappella Bentivolgio, Bologna
The Sacrifice of Isaac (frontispiece with eleven biblical miniatures centering around the Sacrifice of Isaac) (1739)
from: BIBLE, Hebrew. Arba'ah ve-Esrim [Complete Hebrew Bible with Italian glosses and with engravings by Francesco Griselini]. Venice: Bragadini for Isaac Foa, 1739.
Braginsky Collection (Zürich & Amsterdam)
The tomb of the weroans – An Algonquian burial house showing bodies on a raised platform and a priest squatting by a fire beneath the platform. (1590)
from: Thomas Hariot, Wunderbarliche, doch warhafftige Erklärung, von der Gelegenheit vnd Sitten der Wilden in Virginia, Franckfort am Mayn, Wechel-De Bry, 1590, plate 22
The Women Sacrificing an Ass to Priapus (1553)
Museum Boymans van Beuningen, Rotterdam
San Zoilo Mártir, Nobilísimo Cavallero Cordobés. (17-18th Century)
from: Picture in anonymous devotional card
The offering of the Jews
Rotterdam, Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen
The Sacrifice of Abel (1576)
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Aztec Sacrifice in front of a Pyramid (1577)
from: Historia general de las cosas de nueva España, IX
Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, cod. m.p. 220, Firenze
Sacrificial Knife (1648)
from: Aldrovandi, Ulisse, Musaeum metallicum, Bologna, 1648, p. 156