Topic: 2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16th-18th century) – Image Gallery
First Christian Martyrs 11 (1585)
from: Cavalieri, Giovanni Battista. Ecclesiae militantis triumphi sive Deo amabilium martyrum gloriosa pro Christi fide certamina ... in ecclesia S. Stephani Rotundi, Romae Nicolai Circiniani pictoris manu visuntur depicta [...], Romae, ex officina Bartholomaei Grassi, 1585, p. 18
Veuve hindoue allant au bucher (1797)
from: Abdul-Kerym, Voyage de l'Inde a la Mekke, ca. 1797
http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1800_1899/hinduism/sati/sati.html
Martyrdom of Zakariya (XVI)
from: ishâq nishâbûrî, qisas-i qur'ân. [Qazvin, Iran]
Paris, BnF, Persan 54, fol. 144v
Sacrificial Knife (1648)
from: Aldrovandi, Ulisse, Musaeum metallicum, Bologna, 1648, p. 156
Il sacrificio di Ifigenia [1632 - 1633]
Musée des Beaux-Arts, Dijon
Satī. Gentile women of the caste of the cattle drivers, who is buried alive with her husband after he had died [1540]
Codice Casanatense, Biblioteca Casanatense, ms. 1889, fol. 64r, Rome
German broadsheet showing pilgrims visiting the relics of Simon, in a position known as victima. Bound with the account of Matthia Tiberino [description provided by Magda Teter] (1475)
from: Bayerische StaatsBibliothek, Rar. 338
Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich
Examination of Simon’s body after its discovery (1475)
from: Historie von Simon zu Trient [Bayerische StaatsBibliothek, 2 Inc.s.a. 62#Beibd], fol. 8v
Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich
Martyrs Tortured and Dismembered (1591)
from: A. Gallonio, Trattato degli instrumenti di martirio e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentilicontro christiani, trattato de gli instrumenti di martirio, e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentili contro christiani, descritte et intagliate in rame, Roma, Donangeli 1591, n. 91
Atahualpa es encarcelado (1615)
from: Guamán Poma de Ayala, F. Primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno [1616]. Manuscript conserved in the København, Det Kongelige Bibliotek [ Royal Library, Copenhagen, Denmark ], GKS 2232 4°.
Rishyasringa performing the ceremony for obtaining sons. He is shown chanting mantras and pouring obligations into a fire with the help of priests (1712)
from: Ramayana, Bala Kanda [Udaipur]
London, British Library, Add. 15295, f. 36
Scene of Animal Sacrifice (1668)
from: Der gantzen Welt Religionen oder Beschreibung aller Gottes- und Götzendienste wie auch Ketzereyen in Asia, Africa, America und Europa, Amsterdam, Joach. Nosch, 1668
Human sacrifice (1577)
from: Historia general de las cosas de nueva España, II
Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, cod. m.p. 220, Firenze
A Suttee (1858)
http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1800_1899/hinduism/sati/sati.html
Aztec Sacrifice to thank Gods for the Vistory (1579)
from: Diego de Duran, Historia de las Indias de Nueva España e islas de la tierra firme, 1579, c. 138r
Aeneas and His Companions Sacrifice to the Gods before the Tomb of his Father, Anchises, in Sicily (1530–35)
from: Vergil, Aeneid, edited by Sebastian Brant and printed by Johann Grüninge (Limoges, France)
The Metropolitan Art Museum, New York
Sati (suttee): a woman immolating herself on her husband's funeral pyre. Gouache painting on mica by an Indian artist. (1800-1899)
from: India
London, Wellcome Collection
Title page of Mizbeah olah, seu de ara exteriore templi secundi exercitationes philologicae (1697)
from: Cramer, Johannes-Jacobus,
Interior of a temple with an idol which has horns and faces on its chest. Also includes torches and lamps. Includes a scene of sacrifice, bones or skeleton, knife, and European soldiers. (1671)
from: Arnoldus Montanus, De Nieuwe en Onbekende Weereld, Amsterdam, Jacob Meurs, 1671, p. 82
John Carter Brown Library
A king sacrifices an animal in front of the statue of Thor (1639)
RKD – Nederlands Instituut voor Kunstgeschiedenis
Rāma sends out his entire army, headed by Lakṣmaṇa and Vibhīṣaṇa, to fight Indrajit at the Nikumbhilā grove, where he is performing more magical sacrifices. Indrajit is sacrificing to the fire again with a black goat, while around him a furious battle is raging between Lakṣmaṇa and his allies and the other demons. Vibhīṣaṇa has advised Rāma to send Lakṣmaṇa to finish off Indrajit at the place where he is performing his magical arts, before he can make himself even more powerful. Inscribed above Indrajit: Iṃdrajit. (ca 1653)
from: Ramayana [ms Add. 15297(1), fol. 115]
British Library, London [from Udaipur]
Primogeniti solennibus ceremoniis Regi sacrificantur (1591)
from: Le Moyne de Morgues, J. Brevis narratio eorum quae in Florida Americae provincia Gallis acciderunt, secunda in illam navigatione duce Renato de Landonniere Classis praefecto, Frankfurt, Theodor de Bry, 1591, p. 34
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Heretic Jewish at the Stake (1493)
from: Schedel, Hartmann. Liber chronicarum, Nuremberg, 1493, c. 230v
Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Rar. 287, Münich
First Christian Martyrs 10 (1585)
from: Cavalieri, Giovanni Battista. Ecclesiae militantis triumphi sive Deo amabilium martyrum gloriosa pro Christi fide certamina ... in ecclesia S. Stephani Rotundi, Romae Nicolai Circiniani pictoris manu visuntur depicta [...], Romae, ex officina Bartholomaei Grassi, 1585, p. 16
The Sacrifice of Isaac (Persia, Shiraz, Timurid period) (1410-1411)
from: Miniature from the Anthology of Sultan Iskandar (Persia, Shiraz)
Gulbenkian Museum, Lisbon
Suovetaurilia; at right bulls, rams and boars being brought towards the altar positioned in front of the entrance of a circular temple, various animals being sacrificed to left. (1566)
from: An illustration to Onofrio Panvinio's 'De Ludis Circensibus', published in Rome
The British Museum, London
Native American priest sacrifices or eviscerates a victim before an idol. (1774)
from: Zárate, Agustin de, Histoire de la découverte et de la conquête du Perou, vol. I, Compagnie des libraires, 1774, p. 64
John Carter Brown Library
Joachim's Sacrifice (18th Century)
Staedel Museum, Frankfurt am Main
Sacrifice of Iphigenia (18th Century)
Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
Miniature llama figurine, wrought in hammered gold, probably deposited as an offering to the mountain gods, accompanying a human sacrifice (1500-1532)
from: Peru
The British Museum, London
Martyrdom of the prophet Zakarīyā (Zechariah) (XVI)
from: Nīšāpūrī, Isḥāq Ibn-Ibrāhīm: Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ
Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Diez A fol. 3
Bound and Tortured Martyrs (1591)
from: A. Gallonio, Trattato degli instrumenti di martirio e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentilicontro christiani, trattato de gli instrumenti di martirio, e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentili contro christiani, descritte et intagliate in rame, Roma, Donangeli 1591, n. 155
Ancient Nordic Sami People Sacrifice and Pagan Religious Feast (1723 - 1743)
from: Picart, Bernard; Bernard, Jean Frederic. Religious Ceremonies and Customs of All the Peoples of the World, 1723-1743
A Ruler Performing Yajna (Fire Ritual) (1801 - 1900)
Islamic & Indian Paintings, The Dexter Collection Part II, London
Four Classical Figures (Pagan Sacrifice) (1638)
Metropolitan Museum, New York
Sacrifice to Priapus [1537 - 1555]
Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie, Den Haag
The divine messenger (Agnipurusha) rises from the sacrificial fire to bear vessel of celestial food by Nadim (1597- 1605)
from: The Ramayana
National Museum of Asian Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.
A mountain city with multistoried hill architecture. Outside the gates on the right is a Saivite shrine with a lingum covered by floral offerings to which a goat is led, probably for sacrifice. (17th)
from: Unidentified Hindu chronicle of a King
Metropolitan Museum, New York
Corregidor de minas castiga cruelmente a los caciques. (1615)
from: Guamán Poma de Ayala, F. Primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno [1616]. Manuscript conserved in the København, Det Kongelige Bibliotek [ Royal Library, Copenhagen, Denmark ], GKS 2232 4° (f. 525).
Aeneas finds a sow with 30 piglets, and sacrifices her to Jupiter and Juno [1530]
from: Vergil, Aeneid (Limoges, France)
London, Victoria and Albert Museum (inv. 1604-1855)
Acta primorum martyrum sincera et selecta [frontispice] (1689)
from: Ruinart, T. Acta primorum martyrum sincera et selecta ex libris cum editis, tum manu scriptis collecta, eruta vel emendata, notisque & observationibus illustrata. Opera et studio domini Theoderici Ruinart [...] His praemittitur praefatio generalis, in qua refellitur dissertatio 11. Cyprianica Henrici Dodwelli de paucitate martyrum, Amsterdam, Officina Wetsteniana, 1713 [Frontispice]
Frieze of Sacrificial Instruments (1580 - 1585)
from: Lafréry, Antoine. Speculum Romanae Magnificentiae [...], Roma, n. p., 1553, A 128
University of Chicago Library, Chicago
Anshuman finds the horse and the ashes of his sixty thousand uncles. In great distress, he looks for water with which to sprinkle the ashes. His maternal uncle Garuda advises him to return with the horse in order to complete the sacrifice. He also says that the pure water of the river Ganges should be sprinkled on the ashes of his uncles in order for them to attain heaven (1712)
from: Ramayana, Bala Kanda, Ms Add. 15295, fol. 117
British Library, London [from Udaipur]
Sacrifice to or by Image of Minerva (1513)
from: Poliziano, A. La Giostra di Giuliano de Medici, Florence, n. p., n. p., 1513, fol. V
Warburg Institute, Hamburg stamp, London
The Idol Moloch with Seven Chambers or Chapels (1711)
from: Lund, Johann. Die Alten Jüdischen Heiligthümer, Hamburg, Fickweiler, 1711
The Sacrifice of Polyxena (1667)
Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
The sacrifice of the Feast of Tabernacles (1746)
from: Histoire universelle, depuis le commencement du monde, jusqu’à présent, Volume 7, published Amsterdam: Arkstée et Merkus, 1742-1782.
Lowcountry Digital Library, College of Charleston Libraries
Nine female deities (?) performing a yagna, a fire sacrifice (1800-1900)
London, Wellcome Collection
The martyrdom of Simon of Trent; a small child tied to a pole with two men cutting his skin while another holds a bowl underneath the boy's feet to collect the blood; illustration to Jacobus de Voragine, 'Passionael efte dat levent der hyllighten', Basel: Adam Petri, 1517. (1517)
from: Jacobus de Voragine, Passionael efte dat levent der hyllighten', Basel, Adam Petri, 1517
British Museum
Religious practices of the native Americans of Peru. Priests sacrifice animals on a bonfire, throw rocks with serpents or snakes and animals painted on them, and eviscerate animals. (1671)
from: Arnoldus Montanus, De Nieuwe en Onbekende Weereld, Amsterdam, Jacob Meurs, 1671, p. 309
John Carter Brown Library
Sacrifice with Vesta (1518 - 1519)
Camera di San Paolo, Parma
Martyrs Killed in Boiling Water (1591)
from: A. Gallonio, Trattato degli instrumenti di martirio e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentilicontro christiani, trattato de gli instrumenti di martirio, e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentili contro christiani, descritte et intagliate in rame, Roma, Donangeli 1591, n. 80
Japanese mendicants, lepers, muck-eaters, acts of self-immolation, the bathing of “Brahmins and fakirs,” Mexican human sacrifice and deities, and a Turkish dervish. (1682)
from: Simon de Vries (ca. 1580–1629), Curieuse Aenmerckingen der byzondereste Oost en West Indische… dingen (Curious Remarks on the most exceptional East and West Indian… matters), vol. 3 (Utrecht: Johannes Ribbius, 1682)
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Noah, his family and the animals leave the ark and offer sacrifice to God (1500)
from: Metrical Paraphrase of Genesis and Exodus [Ms Add. 40724, fol. 23]
British Library, London
Martyrs Thrown into the Ravine or into the Fire (1591)
from: A. Gallonio, Trattato degli instrumenti di martirio e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentilicontro christiani, trattato de gli instrumenti di martirio, e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentili contro christiani, descritte et intagliate in rame, Roma, Donangeli 1591, n. 149
Les femmes Indiennes se brulent (1725)
from: van der Aa, P. La galerie agreable du monde. Tome premier des Indes Orientales, Leiden, c. 1725
http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1800_1899/hinduism/sati/sati.html
Pobre de los Indios. De seis animales que comen que temen. (1615)
from: Guamán Poma de Ayala, F. Primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno [1616]. Manuscript conserved in the København, Det Kongelige Bibliotek [ Royal Library, Copenhagen, Denmark ], GKS 2232 4° [fol. 694].
Photograph shows the Kapparot. Two girls and a boy reading from a book; each girl is holding a hen as a man holds a rooster over the head of the boy. (1901)
from: Photographic prints
Library of Congress, Washington DC
The Sacrifice of Iphigenia (17 - 18)
Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
Tortured Martyrs in Different Ways, 2 (1591)
from: A. Gallonio, Trattato degli instrumenti di martirio e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentilicontro christiani, trattato de gli instrumenti di martirio, e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentili contro christiani, descritte et intagliate in rame, Roma, Donangeli 1591, n. 119
Martirio dei Diecimila (1507)
Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum
Ritual Sacrifice of a Calf (1712)
from: Theophili Amilii... Erörterung der dunckelsten und schwersten Schrifft-Stellen im N. Testament, Franckfurt, Samuel Heyl, 1712
Wikimedia & google books
Saxons worshipping their gods; the deities on a temple structure on l, priests dressed as bishops on r, smoke rising from sacrifices at centre. (1597)
from: Illustration to Peter Albinus, 'Außzug der Eltisten und fürnembsten Historien des uralten streitbarn und beruffenen Volcks der Sachssen ...', (Dresden) 1597. 1597 Hand-coloured etching and letterpress
The British Museum, London
Purported ritual murder - Blood libel (18th)
Sandomierz Cathedral, Poland
Sacrifice of the Camel (1666)
from: Della Valle, Pietro, De volkome beschryving der voortreffelijke reizen van de deurluchtige reisiger Pietro della Valle, edelman van Romen, in veel voorname gewesten des werrelts, sedert het jaer 1615, tot in 't jaar 1626 gedaan. Amsterdam, Abraham Wolfgang, 1666, vol. 1, pag. 128
The Wicker Man of the Druids Crop (18th Century)
from: Pennant, Thomas. A Tour in Wales, London, H.D. Symonds, 1781
The feast before the sacrifice (1712)
from: Ramayana, Bala Kanda, Ms Add. 15295, fol. 31
British Library, London [from Udaipur]
Satyrs offering a sacrifice to Pan (1510)
Pinacoteca di Brera, Milano
Tikkun Kriah le-Kol Leilah ve-Yom (Prayer Book) (1666)
The Center for Jewish Art
First Christian Martyrs 7 (1585)
from: Cavalieri, Giovanni Battista. Ecclesiae militantis triumphi sive Deo amabilium martyrum gloriosa pro Christi fide certamina ... in ecclesia S. Stephani Rotundi, Romae Nicolai Circiniani pictoris manu visuntur depicta [...], Romae, ex officina Bartholomaei Grassi, 1585, p. 9
Saint Paul Enthroned [1515]
Opera della Misericordia, Siena
A Portugese Jewish circumcision ceremony (1714)
from: Picart, Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde
Wellcome Collection, London
Giant snake eats a lion while a man is attacked by beasts with sharp teeth. Includes the bodies of other victims or sacrifices. Description of a temple in the Yucatan discovered by Francisco Fernandez de Córdoba and Cristobal Morantes. The temple is described as being a theater of marble with huge figures carved on the top. People were daily executed within the bars and their bodies thrown down on the ground below (1671)
from: Arnoldus Montanus, De Nieuwe en Onbekende Weereld, Amsterdam, Jacob Meurs, 1671, p. 73
John Carter Brown Library
Abraham leading Isaac to the sacrifice (Ethiopian manuscript) [1800-1890]
Paris, BnF, Ms Ethiopien 389, fol. 9v
The Sacrifice of Lystra (1529-1530)
Getty Museum, Los Angeles
Martyrdom of Judas Thaddeus (1493)
from: Schedel, Hartmann. Liber chronicarum, Nuremberg, 1493, c. 107v
Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Rar. 287, Münich
Aztec Sacrifice in front of a Pyramid (1577)
from: Historia general de las cosas de nueva España, IX
Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, cod. m.p. 220, Firenze
Ifigenia Treuspel (1715)
from: Racine. Jean. Ifigenia in Aulis, treurspel, Amsterdam, Jacob Lescailje, 1715, Frontespiece
Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
The Triumph of the Eucharist [1625]
Museo del Prado, Madrid
The Sacrifice of Isaac
from: Ancient mosaic pavement from the 6th century, Beit Alfa Synagogue
Beit Alfa Synagogue, Beit She'an (near to), Israel
Mucius Scevola in front of Porsenna (18th Century)
Musée de l’Hôtel Sandelin, Saint-Omer
The Sacrifice of Abel (1576)
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Scene of idolatrous sacrifice (1668)
from: Der gantzen Welt Religionen oder Beschreibung aller Gottes- und Götzendienste wie auch Ketzereyen in Asia, Africa, America und Europa, Amsterdam, Joach. Nosch, 1668
Ways in which Martyrs were Drowned (1591)
from: A. Gallonio, Trattato degli instrumenti di martirio e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentilicontro christiani, trattato de gli instrumenti di martirio, e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentili contro christiani, descritte et intagliate in rame, Roma, Donangeli 1591, n. 151
Satī, from a Sūz u Gudāz manuscript. The union of the couple on the pyre (1657)
from: Sūz u Gudāz ms, Iran, Walters Manuscript W. 649, fol. 19b (Burning and Melting)
The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, Maryland
Gutted Martyrs (1591)
from: A. Gallonio, Trattato degli instrumenti di martirio e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentilicontro christiani, trattato de gli instrumenti di martirio, e delle varie maniere di martoriare usate da' gentili contro christiani, descritte et intagliate in rame, Roma, Donangeli 1591, n. 131