Topic: 2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16th-18th century)

Topic: 2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Religious sacrifices across various cultures and contexts sparked widespread interest in Early Modern Europe. As Christianity expanded into regions inhabited by "infidels" and "pagans", Europeans encountered a diverse array of sacrificial customs, ranging from the Sati rituals in India to the Aztec sacrifices in the Americas. This cross-cultural exposure captivated a wide audience, including theologians, philosophers, political thinkers, antiquarians, orientalists, missionaries, poets, artists, and even the general public. These encounters broadened the European understanding of sacrifice and led to a critical reassessment of classical and biblical sacrificial rites. This section includes:

Sources: A selection of early modern printed materials, which include descriptions of the Americas, Asia, and Africa, alongside antiquarian and philological studies on religious sacrifice in classical antiquity and beyond. It also presents early modern works of ethnological observations and the first attempts to compare different sacrificial practices in various traditions and contexts, laying the groundwork for disciplines like the history of religions and anthropology.
Iconographic Representations: A rich collection of images from the 16^th to 18^th centuries, illustrating a range of sacrificial rituals and practices as seen in different cultural and geographical contexts.
Related Bibliography: An extensive bibliography spanning scholarly works from the 19^th to 21^st centuries, providing contemporary analyses and interpretations of these early studies and observations.

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Maître de Coëtivy [1450-1500]

Scenes related to Saint Augustine addressing the Romans, featuring the Mass and, in the upper right, an animal sacrifice in the Temple. Augustine's words on a scroll read: «C'est le vray sacrifice a Dieu agreable». [1480]

from: St. Augustin [Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis]: La cité de Dieu. Enlumineur Maître de Coëtivy, Traducteur: Raoul de Presles (1316-1382). Miniature at the beginning of book 10

France, Mâcon, Médiathèque et Archives municipales, Ms. 1, fol. 305

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century) 4. Sacrifice and Eucharist (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: Animal Sacrifice BloodEucharistFireJewish SacrificeLambMass

Maître François

Plato speaks of the sacrifice to God; men and women praying and offering sacrifices

Koninklijke Bibliotheek, National Library of the Netherlands, The Hague

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: Ancient SacrificeLambManuscript

Mallet

Idolatres (1685)

from: Allain Manesson Mallet, Description de l'Univers, , contenant les differents systêmes du monde, les cartes générals et particulières de la géographie ancienne et modern. Vol.: De l'Asie.

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century) 7. Sacrifices of self: Martirology and Catholic global missions (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: FireIndiaSatīSatiSelf-SacrificeWomen