Topic: 2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16th-18th century)

Topic: 2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Religious sacrifices across various cultures and contexts sparked widespread interest in Early Modern Europe. As Christianity expanded into regions inhabited by "infidels" and "pagans", Europeans encountered a diverse array of sacrificial customs, ranging from the Sati rituals in India to the Aztec sacrifices in the Americas. This cross-cultural exposure captivated a wide audience, including theologians, philosophers, political thinkers, antiquarians, orientalists, missionaries, poets, artists, and even the general public. These encounters broadened the European understanding of sacrifice and led to a critical reassessment of classical and biblical sacrificial rites. This section includes:

Sources: A selection of early modern printed materials, which include descriptions of the Americas, Asia, and Africa, alongside antiquarian and philological studies on religious sacrifice in classical antiquity and beyond. It also presents early modern works of ethnological observations and the first attempts to compare different sacrificial practices in various traditions and contexts, laying the groundwork for disciplines like the history of religions and anthropology.
Iconographic Representations: A rich collection of images from the 16^th to 18^th centuries, illustrating a range of sacrificial rituals and practices as seen in different cultural and geographical contexts.
Related Bibliography: An extensive bibliography spanning scholarly works from the 19^th to 21^st centuries, providing contemporary analyses and interpretations of these early studies and observations.

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Bonasone, Giulio

Sacrifice of a rooster to Asclepius (16^th Century)

Bibliothèque municipale, Lyon

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: Animal Sacrifice AsclepiusGreek mythologyHolocausts

Bos, Cornelis; Lombard, Lambert

Sacrifice to Priapus [1537 - 1555]

Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie, Den Haag

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: Ancient RomansAnimal Sacrifice Engravings

Bossche, Aert van den

Augustine Sacrificing to an Idol of the Manichaeans [1480]

from: Brussels

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: Animal Sacrifice ManicaeansPaintingsSaint Augustin

Botticelli, Sandro

The Punishment of Korah and the Stoning of Moses and Aaron (1481 - 1482)

Sistine Chapel, Wall, Vatican

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: Anti-Pagan SacrificesBible, Old TestamentFrescosMosesPagan Sacrifice

Boucher, François

Mucius Scevola in front of Porsenna (18^th Century)

Musée de l’Hôtel Sandelin, Saint-Omer

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century) 3. Sacrifice and politics (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: Ancient RomansFirePolitical SacrificeSelf-Sacrifice

Boyvin, René

The Sacrifice of King Oetes (16^th Century)

from: Gohory, Jacques. Livre de la Conqueste de la Toison d'or, par le Prince Jason de Tessalie : faict par figures avec exposition d'icelles, [Paris], n.p., 1563, no page

Bibliothèque Nationale De France, Paris

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century) 3. Sacrifice and politics (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: Ancient GreeksAnimal Sacrifice ArgonautsFirePolitical Sacrifice

Boyvin, René

The Sacrifice of the Golden Mountoun [1550]

Bibliothèque municipale, Bordeaux

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: Animal Sacrifice ArgonautsBible, Old TestamentGolden FleeceHolocausts

Brandes, Jan

Chinese day of sacrifice in Batavia (1779)

from: Jakarta

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: AsiaChinaDrawingSacrifice Compared

Bronzino, Agnolo

Pygmalion and Galatea (1529-1530)

from: Italy

Galleria degli Uffizi, Firenze

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: Animal Sacrifice CalfFireFlorenceItalyPagan Sacrifice

Bry, Johann Theodor de

Aztec temple, sacrifices to Huītzilōpōchtli (1602)

from: Jansz, Bernhardus - Bry, Theodor de. [Collectio peregrinationum in Indiam occidentalem] : 9 : Americæ Nona & postrema Pars. Qua de Ratione Elementorum: De Novi Orbis Natura: De Huius Incolarum Superstitiosis cultibus, Frankfurt, Bekerum, 1602

Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: AztecsHuītzilōpōchtliMesoamericaMexicoNative Americans

Bry, Johann-Theodor de

Primogeniti solennibus ceremoniis Regi sacrificantur (1591)

from: Le Moyne de Morgues, J. Brevis narratio eorum quae in Florida Americae provincia Gallis acciderunt, secunda in illam navigatione duce Renato de Landonniere Classis praefecto, Frankfurt, Theodor de Bry, 1591, p. 34

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: FirstbornsFloridaNative Americans