Topic: 2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16th-18th century)

Topic: 2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Religious sacrifices across various cultures and contexts sparked widespread interest in Early Modern Europe. As Christianity expanded into regions inhabited by "infidels" and "pagans", Europeans encountered a diverse array of sacrificial customs, ranging from the Sati rituals in India to the Aztec sacrifices in the Americas. This cross-cultural exposure captivated a wide audience, including theologians, philosophers, political thinkers, antiquarians, orientalists, missionaries, poets, artists, and even the general public. These encounters broadened the European understanding of sacrifice and led to a critical reassessment of classical and biblical sacrificial rites. This section includes:

Sources: A selection of early modern printed materials, which include descriptions of the Americas, Asia, and Africa, alongside antiquarian and philological studies on religious sacrifice in classical antiquity and beyond. It also presents early modern works of ethnological observations and the first attempts to compare different sacrificial practices in various traditions and contexts, laying the groundwork for disciplines like the history of religions and anthropology.
Iconographic Representations: A rich collection of images from the 16^th to 18^th centuries, illustrating a range of sacrificial rituals and practices as seen in different cultural and geographical contexts.
Related Bibliography: An extensive bibliography spanning scholarly works from the 19^th to 21^st centuries, providing contemporary analyses and interpretations of these early studies and observations.

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Goya, Francisco de

Sacrifice to Pan (1771)

Colección particular, Zaragoza (Spain)

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: Ancient SacrificesIconographyPagan SacrificeSacrificial Objects

Goya, Francisco de

Sacrifice to Vesta (1771)

Colección Félix Palacios Remondo, Zaragoza (Spain)

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: Ancient SacrificesIconographyPagan SacrificeSacrificial Objects

Grabbe, L. L.

The Scapegoat Tradition: A Study in Early Jewish Interpretation

in: Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman Period, v. 18 (1987), issue 2: pp.152-167.

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: Jewish SacrificeJewish StudiesScapegoat

Graeber, David – Wengrow, David

The Dawn of Everything

New York: Penguin, 2021.

Topics:
0. General bibliography (19^th-21^th Century) 2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Gräf, E.

Jagdbeute und Schlachttier in islamischen Recht

Bonn: Selbstverlag des Orientalischen Seminars, 1959.

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Graf, F.; Wright Knust, J. - Várhelyi, Z. (Eds.)

A Satirist's Sacrifices : Lucian's On Sacrifices and the Contestation of Religious Traditions

in: Ancient mediterranean sacrifice, pp. 203-213

Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Graf, Urs

The martyrdom of Simon of Trent; a small child tied to a pole with two men cutting his skin while another holds a bowl underneath the boy's feet to collect the blood; illustration to Jacobus de Voragine, 'Passionael efte dat levent der hyllighten', Basel: Adam Petri, 1517. (1517)

from: Jacobus de Voragine, Passionael efte dat levent der hyllighten', Basel, Adam Petri, 1517

British Museum

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century) 3. Sacrifice and politics (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: AntisemitismBlood LibelChild SacrificeHuman SacrificesSimon of Trent

Graham, M.

Letters on India

London-Edinburgh: Longman-Constable, 1814.

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century) 7. Sacrifices of self: Martirology and Catholic global missions (16^th-18^th Century)

Grancolas, Jean

Les Anciennes Liturgies, ou, La Maniere Dont On A Dit la sainte Messe dans chaque siècle : dans les Eglises d'Orient & dans celles d'Occident : Avec la recherche de toutes les Pratiques, Prières & Ceremonies qui s'observent dans le saint Sacrifice

Paris: Jean de Nully, 1697.

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century) 4. Sacrifice and Eucharist (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: CatholicismChurch HistoryEucharistHistoryLiturgy

Grandin, N.

Note sur le sacrifice chez les Arabes musulmans

in: Le sacrifice II, Systèmes de pensée en Afrique noire, pp. 87-114

: , 1978.

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: AfricaIslam

Graulich, M.

Le sacrifice humain chez les Azteques

Paris: Fayars, 2005.

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Graulich, M.

Aztec Human Sacrifice as Expiation

in: History of Religions, v. 39 (2000), issue 4: pp.352-271.

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: AztecHuman sacrificeMexico

Greenberg, M.

Racine: From Ancient Myth to Tragic Modernity

Minneapolis - London: University of Minnesota Press, 2010.

Topics:
0. General bibliography (19^th-21^th Century) 2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century) 3. Sacrifice and politics (16^th-18^th Century)

Griaule, M.

Remarques sur le mecanisme du sacrifice dogon

in: Journal de la Societe des Africanistes, v. 10 (1940), issue : pp.176-208.

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Griffiths, Moses

The Wicker Man of the Druids Crop (18^th Century)

from: Pennant, Thomas. A Tour in Wales, London, H.D. Symonds, 1781

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: Human SacrificesPagan Sacrifice

Grillo, A.; Ubbiali, S. (Ed.)

Differenza e antitesi tra sacrificio spirituale e sacrificio rituale : modernità, irrilevanza del rito e incomprensione della libertà

in: Il sacrificio : evento e rito, pp. 203-243

Padova: Messaggero, 1998.

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Griselini, Francesco - Calimani, Simon

The Sacrifice of Isaac (frontispiece with eleven biblical miniatures centering around the Sacrifice of Isaac) (1739)

from: BIBLE, Hebrew. Arba'ah ve-Esrim [Complete Hebrew Bible with Italian glosses and with engravings by Francesco Griselini]. Venice: Bragadini for Isaac Foa, 1739.

Braginsky Collection (Zürich & Amsterdam)

Topics:
1. Sacrifice and Bible (16^th-18^th Century) 2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: Abraham and IsaacBibleBindingFrontispiceIsaacJewish Studies

Grissa, N.

Sacrifice, sacré et fête aux premiers temps de l’Islam

in: Africa (Tunis), v. 13 (1995), issue : pp.135-153.

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: Islam

Grotius, Hugo

Defensio fidei catholicae de satisfactione Christi adversus Faustum Socinum Senensem: scripta ab Hugone Grotio

Leiden: Ioannes Patius, 1617.

Topics:
1. Sacrifice and Bible (16^th-18^th Century) 2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century) 3. Sacrifice and politics (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: Anti-Trinitarian ControversyChrist's SacrificeGrotiusNetherlandsPolitical SacrificeSocinianism

Grottanelli, C.

Ideologie del sacrificio umano. Roma e Cartagine

in: Archiv für Religionsgeschichte, v. 41 (1999), issue 1: pp.41-60.

Topics:
0. General bibliography (19^th-21^th Century) 2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: Human Sacrifice

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