Topic: 2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16th-18th century)

Topic: 2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Religious sacrifices across various cultures and contexts sparked widespread interest in Early Modern Europe. As Christianity expanded into regions inhabited by "infidels" and "pagans", Europeans encountered a diverse array of sacrificial customs, ranging from the Sati rituals in India to the Aztec sacrifices in the Americas. This cross-cultural exposure captivated a wide audience, including theologians, philosophers, political thinkers, antiquarians, orientalists, missionaries, poets, artists, and even the general public. These encounters broadened the European understanding of sacrifice and led to a critical reassessment of classical and biblical sacrificial rites. This section includes:

Sources: A selection of early modern printed materials, which include descriptions of the Americas, Asia, and Africa, alongside antiquarian and philological studies on religious sacrifice in classical antiquity and beyond. It also presents early modern works of ethnological observations and the first attempts to compare different sacrificial practices in various traditions and contexts, laying the groundwork for disciplines like the history of religions and anthropology.
Iconographic Representations: A rich collection of images from the 16^th to 18^th centuries, illustrating a range of sacrificial rituals and practices as seen in different cultural and geographical contexts.
Related Bibliography: An extensive bibliography spanning scholarly works from the 19^th to 21^st centuries, providing contemporary analyses and interpretations of these early studies and observations.

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Berbara, M. L.

El Laocoonte y el tema del Sacrificio entre el Renacimiento y la Contrarreforma

in: Goya. Revista de Arte, v. 269 (1999), issue : pp.112-124.

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Berger, D.

From Crusades to Blood Libels to Expulsions: Some new approaches to Medieval antisemitism

in: Second Annual Lecture of the Victor J. Selmanowitz Chair of Jewish History, pp. 1-29

New York: Touro College, 1997.

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century) 3. Sacrifice and politics (16^th-18^th Century) 5. Sacrifices of self: Martyrology and crusades including Reconquista (12^th-20^th Century)

Keywords: AntisemitismBlood LibelCrusadesJewish Studies

Berger, David; Lange, A. - Mayerhofer, K. - Porat. D. - Schiffman, L. H. (Eds.)

Scholarship and the Blood Libel: Past and Present

in: Confronting Antisemitism from the Perspectives of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism (vol. 2), pp. 71-86

Berlin: De Gruyter, 2020.

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century) 3. Sacrifice and politics (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: AntisemitismBlood LibelJewish SacrificeJewish Studies

Bergmann, M. S.

In the Shadow of Moloch: The Sacrifice of Children and its Impact on Western Religions

New York: Columbia University Press, 1992.

Topics:
0. General bibliography (19^th-21^th Century) 2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Bermúdez de Pedraza, F.

Antigüedad y excelencias de Granada. Edición facsímil

Granada: Comisión Organizadora de la Feria Provincial del Libro de Granada, 2000.

Topics:
0. General bibliography (19^th-21^th Century) 2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century) 5. Sacrifices of self: Martyrology and crusades including Reconquista (12^th-20^th Century)

Bermúdez de Pedraza, F.; Henares Cuéllar, I. (Ed.)

Keywords: Satī

Beroaldo, Filippo

Commentarii a Philippo Beroaldo conditi in Asinum Aureum Lucii Apulei

Bologna: Benedicto Hectoris, 1500.

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: Ancient RitualsAncient Sacrifice

Berquist, B.

Bronze Age Sacrificial Koine in the Eastern Mediterranean? A Study of Animal Sacrifice in the Ancient Near East

in: Ritual and Sacrifice in the Ancient Near East, pp. 11-43

Leuven: Peeters, 1993.

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: AnimalsMediterraneanNear East

Bertaux Ch.

La technique des prescriptions sacrificielles dans la géomancie bambara (région de Ségou, Mali

in: ystèmes de pensée en Afrique noire, v. 6 (1983), issue : pp.117-130.

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Bertels, Jean

Deorum sacrificiorumque gentilium descriptio

Coloniae: Conradum Butgenium, 1606.

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: Ancient SacrificeIdolatryIndiaSacrifice Compared

Berthrand, François

La Tragédie de Pryam Roy de Troye

Rouen: Raphaël du Petit, 1611.

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century) 3. Sacrifice and politics (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: Ancient SacrificesIphigeniaPagan SacrificePriam of TroyTragedies

Besom, T.

Of Summits and Sacrifice: An Ethnohistoric Study of Inka Religious Practices

Austin: University of Texas Press, 2009.

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: Inca EmpireNative AmericansPeru

Beverley, Robert

The History and Present State of Virginia, In Four Parts. I. The History of the First Settlement of Virginia, and the Government Thereof, to the Present Time. II. The Natural Productions and Conveniencies of the Country, Suited to Trade and Improvement. III. The Native Indians, Their Religion, Laws, and Customs, in War and Peace. IV. The Present State of the Country, as to the Polity of the Government, and the Improvements of the Land. By a Native and Inhabitant of the Place

London: R. Parker, 1705.

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: Child SacrificeNative AmericansNorth AmericaPowhatan

Bhagwan

Ladies of Krishna's Harem are Shown the Sacrificial Horse (1598)

from: Razmnama Mughal

Oriental and India Office Collection, British Library, London

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: Animal Sacrifice HinduIndiaWomen

Biale, D.

in: Blood and Belief: The Circulation of a Symbol between Jews and Christians, pp.

Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007.

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: Blood

Biard, Pierre

Sacrifice of Iphigenia (17^th Century)

Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Keywords: Ancient GreeksFirstbornsHuman SacrificesIphigeniaWomen

Biardeau, M. - Malamoud, C.

Le sacrifice dans l'Inde ancienne

Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1976.

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

Billioud, S. - Thoraval, J.

Anshen Liming or the Religious Dimension of Confucianism

in: China Perspectives, v. 3 (2008), issue : pp.88-106.

Topics:
2. Sacrifice and religion: Comparisons, Antiquarians, Anthropology (16^th-18^th Century)

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