Topic: 5. Sacrifices of self: Martyrology and crusades including Reconquista (12th-20th Century)

Spanning from the Middle Ages to the twentieth century, this section delves into the complex world of religiously motivated wars, where martyrdom and self-sacrifice dedicated to God played a pivotal role. It offers an extensive collection of printed sources and images that trace the evolution of this phenomenon through the crusades, the Reconquista, and various holy wars. This assortment includes materials from the twelfth to the twentieth century and provides a comprehensive bibliography that examines these events from both sacred and secular viewpoints.

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Anonymous / Unknown

Symbolic Drawing of the Graveyard or Tombstone of the King Sebastian of Portugal, died as a martyr in a 16th century crusades to North Africa. (1622)

from: Juan Baptista Morales. Jornada de África del Rey Don Sebastian de Portugal, compuesto por Juan Bautista de Morales, natural de Montilla, a don Juan Fernández de Córdoba y Aguilar, Seville, Gabriel Ramos Bejarano, 1622.

Anonymous / Unknown

Templars being burned at the stake. (14th Century)

from: 14th century Manuscript Chronicle titled: Von der Schöpfung der Welt bis 1384 [ From the Creation of the World until 1384 ].

Bibliothèque Municipale, Besançon, France.


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